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| Spanish Period > |
The Tale of Bartolome De Las Casas, (1474-1566)
By Bob Corbett
This is the strange tale of Bartolome de las Casas, a man whom I regard as one of the most interesting cases in human history. He was, as you shall see, a great humanitarian. Yet, this tragic man was importantly instrumental in one of the greatest evils of human history. De las Casas has always signified for me the incredible dangers of putting heart exclusively over head. It would seem to me that one needs good intentions and a good heart to have the courage and will to carry out those intentions. But, one almost must have knowledge. Doing good is not only a matter of intention and will. It is also a matter of knowing what to do, and in the case of de las Casas, knowing what not to do.
Las Casas' father sailed with Columbus in 1492 and Bartolome made the third voyage in 1498. He settled in Hispaniola in 1502, ready to seek his fortune in the New World. He was deeply moved toward a sympathy toward the Amerindians by a Dominican priest in 1509, and gave up his slaves. From 1509 until his death in 1566 he was the great champion of the Amerindians.
This drawing of las Casas was taken from BARTOLOME DE LAS CASAS IN HISTORY: TOWARD AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE MAN AND HIS WORK, edited by Juan Friede and Benjamin Keen. DeKalb, Ill., Northern Illinois University Press, 1971. That book, in turn, credits the Paris, 1822 edition of: DOM BARTHELEMI DE LAS CASAS, EVEQUE DE CHIAPA, PROECTEUR DES NATURELS DE L'AMERIQUE. Edition by J.A. Llotente. Frontpiece.
Las Casas did not campaign against slavery itself. His primary battle was to encourage, and demand, the practice of conversion and control of the Amerindians by peaceful means, not violence, war and cruelty. He had uncanny success in persuading the Kings of Spain, but their humanizing laws were constantly ignored in the colonies.
He was ordained a Roman Catholic priest in 1510, became a member of the Dominican order in 1522 and was consecrated the bishop of Chiapas, Cuba in 1543. He wrote extensively of the horrible conditions of the Amerindians under Spanish rule, constantly pleading for peaceful and humane relations with them.
This image was taken from BARTOLOME DE LAS CASAS: CHAMPION OF INDIAN RIGHTS by Dr. Fred Stopsky. Lowell, Mass, Discovery Enterprises, Ltd., 1992. p. 30 illustration is: by Leslie Carow. "...illustration is Ms. Carow's interpretation of a woodcut from the New York Public Library.
Ironically, this great and sincere humanitarian, convinced that the fast disappearing Arawak Indians could not physically tolerate the hard labor expected by the Spanish, recommended the importation of African slaves to do the hard labor. de las Casas believed that the Africans were constitutionally more fit for hard labor than were the Amerindians. Thus he was importantly, though indirectly, responsible for the growth of one of humanities greatest horrors -- black slavery in the New World.
A chronology of the career of Bartolome de las Casas
- Born 1474 died 1566
- 1474 born in Seville
- 1498 sailed with Columbus on his third voyage
- 1502 settled in Hispaniola
- 1510 ordained a priest
- 1511 called for the importation of African slaves for the heavy work since he believed Indians couldn't do it.
- 1512 Participated in conquest of Cuba. Received sizable encomienda (this will be explained soon).
- 1514 renounced encomienda. Preached against this system
- 1515 went to Spain to campaign against harsh treatment of Indians
- 1516 Hispaniola--official protector of the Indians
- 1517-20 Spain. Negotiated land in Venezuela for an experiment in evangelization
- 1520-22 Venezuela. Experiment failed!
- 1522-36 1522 Entered Dominicans
- 1527 Began his famous History.
- 1536-38 Guatemala. Successes with Indians
- 1538 Mexico
- 1539 back to Spain
- 1540-44 Spain.
- 1543 Bishop of Chiapas
- 1545 Chiapas
- 1547-65 Spain.
- 1566 Died in Madrid.
Some of the writing of de las Casas
- 1547 (?) "Thirty propositions at law on the rights the Church and Christian princes have or may have over infidels, to whatever nation they may belong." (theme: "I affirm that all that has been done in the Indies by the Spaniards is without any legal standing"
- as done without royal authority and opposed to natural justice.)
- 1552 "Treatise written at the instance of the Royal Council on the slavery of the Indians" Sebastian Trugillo printer, Seville, 1552.
- 1552 The Eighth Remedy
- 1553 "Treatise confirming the Sovereign Empire and Universal Princedom that the Kings of Castile and Leon possess over the Indians." Seville, 1553. (To King Phillip)
- ??? Opinions and rules for the Confessors of Spaniards who have charge of Indians in the Indies of the Great Ocean.
- ??? The History of the Indies. (3 volumes.)
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